Exercises

Hint: you can refer to the Ruby doc for Array and Hash for help.

Exercises

Use the each method of Array to iterate over [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10], and print out each value.

Solution

arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

# one line version
arr.each { |number| puts number }

# multi-line version
arr.each do |number|
  puts number
end

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Same as above, but only print out values greater than 5.

Solution

# one line version
arr.each { |number| puts number if number > 5 }

# multi-line version
arr.each do |number|
  if number > 5
    puts number
  end
end

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Now, using the same array from #2, use the select method to extract all odd numbers into a new array.

Solution

# one line version
new_array = arr.select { |number| number % 2 != 0 }

# multi-line version
new_array = arr.select do |number|
  number % 2 != 0
end

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Append 11 to the end of the original array. Prepend 0 to the beginning.
Solution
# Append arr.push(11) # --- or --- arr << 11 # Prepend arr.unshift(0)

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Get rid of 11. And append a 3.

Solution

# Remove from end of array
arr.pop

# Append
arr << 3
# --- or ---
arr.push(3)

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Get rid of duplicates without specifically removing any one value.
Solution
# Does not modify calling object arr.uniq # Modifies the calling object arr.uniq!

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What's the major difference between an Array and a Hash?

Solution

The major difference between an array and a hash is that a hash contains a key value pair for referencing by key.

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Create a Hash, with one key-value pair, using both Ruby syntax styles.
Solution
hash = {:name => 'bob'} # <= old version hash = {name: 'bob'} # <= new version

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Suppose you have a hash h = {a:1, b:2, c:3, d:4}

1. Get the value of key `:b`.

2. Add to this hash the key:value pair `{e:5}`

3. Remove all key:value pairs whose value is less than 3.5

Solution

1. h[:b]

2. h[:e] = 5

3.

  # one line version
  h.delete_if { |k, v| v < 3.5 }

  # multi-line version
  h.delete_if do |k, v|
    v < 3.5
  end

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Can hash values be arrays? Can you have an array of hashes? (give examples)

Solution

Yes

# hash values as arrays
hash = {names: ['bob', 'joe', 'susan']}

# array of hashes
arr = [{name: 'bob'}, {name: 'joe'}, {name: 'susan'}]

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Given the following data structures, write a program that copies the information from the array into the empty hash that applies to the correct person.

contact_data = [["joe@email.com", "123 Main st.", "555-123-4567"],
            ["sally@email.com", "404 Not Found Dr.", "123-234-3454"]]

contacts = {"Joe Smith" => {}, "Sally Johnson" => {}}

# Expected output:
#  {
#    "Joe Smith"=>{:email=>"joe@email.com", :address=>"123 Main st.", :phone=>"555-123-4567"},
#    "Sally Johnson"=>{:email=>"sally@email.com", :address=>"404 Not Found Dr.",  :phone=>"123-234-3454"}
#  }

Solution

contacts["Joe Smith"][:email] = contact_data[0][0]
contacts["Joe Smith"][:address] = contact_data[0][1]
contacts["Joe Smith"][:phone] = contact_data[0][2]
contacts["Sally Johnson"][:email] = contact_data[1][0]
contacts["Sally Johnson"][:address] = contact_data[1][1]
contacts["Sally Johnson"][:phone] = contact_data[1][2]

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Using the hash you created from the previous exercise, demonstrate how you would access Joe's email and Sally's phone number.
Solution
puts "Joe's email is: #{contacts["Joe Smith"][:email]}" puts "Sally's phone number is: #{contacts["Sally Johnson"][:phone]}"

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Use Ruby's Array method delete_if and String method start_with? to delete all of the strings that begin with an "s" in the following array.
```
arr = ['snow', 'winter', 'ice', 'slippery', 'salted roads', 'white trees']
```
Then recreate the arr and get rid of all of the strings that start with "s" or start with "w".
Solution
arr.delete_if { |str| str.start_with?("s") } arr.delete_if { |str| str.start_with?("s", "w") }

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Errata:

The narrator talks about deleting words. We are actually deleting strings, some of which contain more than one word.

The code in the video uses the variable word where the above solution uses str.

Take the following array:

a = ['white snow', 'winter wonderland', 'melting ice',
     'slippery sidewalk', 'salted roads', 'white trees']

and turn it into a new array that consists of strings containing one word. (ex. ["white snow", etc...] → ["white", "snow", etc...]. Look into using Array's map and flatten methods, as well as String's split method.

Solution

a = ['white snow', 'winter wonderland', 'melting ice',
     'slippery sidewalk', 'salted roads', 'white trees']
a = a.map { |pairs| pairs.split }
a = a.flatten
p a

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What will the following program output?

hash1 = {shoes: "nike", "hat" => "adidas", :hoodie => true}
hash2 = {"hat" => "adidas", :shoes => "nike", hoodie: true}

if hash1 == hash2
  puts "These hashes are the same!"
else
  puts "These hashes are not the same!"
end

Solution

These hashes are the same!

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Challenge: In exercise 11, we manually set the contacts hash values one by one. Now, programmatically loop or iterate over the contacts hash from exercise 11, and populate the associated data from the contact_data array. Hint: you will probably need to iterate over ([:email, :address, :phone]), and some helpful methods might be the Array shift and first methods.

Note that this exercise is only concerned with dealing with 1 entry in the contacts hash, like this:
```
contact_data = ["joe@email.com", "123 Main st.", "555-123-4567"]
contacts = {"Joe Smith" => {}}
```
As a bonus, see if you can figure out how to make it work with multiple entries in the contacts hash.

Exercises marked as challenges can be very difficult. Don't get discouraged if you can't complete it, but do make the attempt. Even if you can't solve the exercise, be sure to read through the solution, if one is provided.
Solution
contact_data = ["joe@email.com", "123 Main st.", "555-123-4567"] contacts = {"Joe Smith" => {}} fields = [:email, :address, :phone] contacts.each do |name, hash| fields.each do |field| hash[field] = contact_data.shift end end
Solution to bonus, where we can work with multiple entries in the contacts hash:

contact_data = [["joe@email.com", "123 Main st.", "555-123-4567"], ["sally@email.com", "404 Not Found Dr.", "123-234-3454"]] contacts = {"Joe Smith" => {}, "Sally Johnson" => {}} fields = [:email, :address, :phone] contacts.each_with_index do |(name, hash), idx| fields.each do |field| hash[field] = contact_data[idx].shift end end

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