In dynamic programming, two common data structures used for caching are Map and arrays. Each has its advantages and considerations:
Performance: Arrays are generally more performant than hashes (e.g., Map) because they provide better memory locality and avoid hashing overhead. Arrays use contiguous memory locations, which can lead to better cache performance in the CPU. The Map data structure also has a hashing overhead, which refers to the extra time required to compute the hash value of a key and handle potential collisions.
Simplicity: Arrays are straightforward to use when the problem involves a fixed range of integer indices, like in the Hopping Chaos problem.
Flexibility: Maps (or similar hash-based structures) are more flexible than arrays. It can handle keys of various types, not just integers. This makes a Map a good choice where the problem domain is not naturally suited to array indices.
In the "Hopping Chaos" problem, we've used a Map in the top-down approach and an array in the bottom-up approach to show that you can often use these data structures interchangeably. While arrays offer some performance benefits, dynamic programming problems are often quite difficult to solve. As long as you solve them, the data structure you use won't make a significant difference. That said, it's good to keep in mind the performance trade-offs if you decide to use a Map. If the keys are not integers, a hashmap will be a better choice.