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Exercise 5

On reflection, we've decided that we don't want to rely on using a global variable in the code we wrote in the previous example. To fix this, we're going to nest the code from the previous example into an outer function:

def all_actions():
    counter = 0

    def increment_counter():
        global counter
        counter += 1

    print(counter)                # 0

    increment_counter()
    print(counter)                # 1

    increment_counter()
    print(counter)                # 2

    counter = 100
    increment_counter()
    print(counter)                # 101

all_actions()

There's a bug in this code. Identify the bug, and fix it.

Solution

The bug in this code is that the global keyword only works with global variables. If you're in a nested function and want to reassign a variable that is in the outer function, you have to use the nonlocal keyword instead:

def all_actions():
    counter = 0

    def increment_counter():
        #highlight
        nonlocal counter
        #endhighlight
        counter += 1

    print(counter)                # 0

    increment_counter()
    print(counter)                # 1

    increment_counter()
    print(counter)                # 2

    counter = 100
    increment_counter()
    print(counter)                # 101

all_actions()

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