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Exercise 1

Write a recursive definition for in-order traversal of a binary tree, including the base case and the recursive step.

Solution

Base Case

As in the previous problem, the base case occurs when the node is null. In this scenario, we will return from the function to prevent accessing the val property of null, which would raise an error.

Base Case: Return from the function if node is null.

Recursive Definition

Like in the preorder traversal, we must follow a pattern we learned about earlier, but this time the LNR pattern. When we say go left, we mean perform the inorder traversal on the left child. When we say process the node, we mean adding the node's value to the result array. Finally, when we say go right, we mean perform the inorder traversal on the right child.

Recursive Definition: Perform an inorder traversal by first recursively calling the function on the current node's left child, then add the node's value to the result array, and finally recursively call the function on the current node's right child.

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